ABSTRACT
The impact of public sector accounting on accountability in public sector, a case study of Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna. Accountability is the obligation on a person delegated with authority functions on fund to explain his actions. The study of accountability in the public sector is important since all government department and parastatal receive allocation from the Ministry of Finance hence there is the need to protect the interest of tax payers that makes available this funds. The major ways of encouraging public accountability is to make offices in government department to realize the significance of accountability. Through this study and other related studies. The study is significant because it determines the relationship between the various techniques of accountability in public sector. therefore the importance of this study cannot be overemphasised. The aims of this work is to acquaint public officers especially those given the responsibility of designing accounting system in public sector and other related organization as relates to public accountability. And to evaluate the level of accountability in the public sector and other similar organizations, it was however discovered that accounting system adopted by any public organization determines it efficiency and productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
Of Accountability in the Public Sectors ----22
2.5 Procedure in Public Auditing - - - - - 27
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER FOUR
CHAPTER FIVE
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
For the purpose of fiscal accountability, there is first of all the auditor general whose position, powers, security of tenure; impartiality and independence are guaranteed by the constitution. It is his duty, through to regular auditing of accounts, to ensure that government department/parastatal and other public establishments spend funds appropriated for them in a proper manner, for the purpose for which the funds were appropriated and in accordance with government rules and regulations. He can surcharge offenders, refers cases of fraud and misappropriation to the policy and by yearly reports, left the legislature know how the funds that it had previously were appropriated and used.
Nigeria for the federal and state governments, are bodies known as the public accounts committees of which the auditor general duty is to scrutinize the accounts and establishment to question or examine those responsible and report to the legislature which appointed them. There is the legislature itself which are the sole sources of money supply for public, must scrutinize all elements of funds to carryout public service.
The budget sessions afford every sector effective:
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
More often than not, public state and reactions addressed to how government resources are managed accounted for in the public sector organization have left much to be desired such statements and reactions have unfolded many impressions. Bill before examining these impressions let us look at what Dr. Bamye Akipa of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria put together as public statement in the New Nigeria of Tuesday 25th June 1991.
Occasionally one runs into statements either in the mass media or conversation in respect of public resources such as follows:
This researcher was privileged to have personal experience of the situations at Kaduna polytechnic and think the situation there like a typical public organization would attract the same verdict as had been collated together by Dr. B. Akpa.
The major emphasis of the reformed civil service of 1988 was an attainment of efficient and expedition administration, reduction in expenditure and improvement of economy to the fullest extent consistent with efficiency in the implementation of policies and programmes to the fullest extent practicable. The emphasis on economy efficiency and effectiveness in executing government programmes has constrained every government organization to set into motion internal system to enhance the desired result. This in effect brought to bear on the internal audit units of Kaduna polytechnic the responsibility of proper internal auditing which will in turn advance effective internal control system to conform to the new government policy. All these developments call for dynamic processes of investigation and verification of activities to enable management monitor control and measure the rate of its performance output, bearing in mind the cost in terms of resources inputs.
The act of investigation, verification and reporting are all audit functions. The problem now is to determine which audit approach will be most effective in assisting management to have a better grip of internal control and accountability so as to effect the desired economy. Efficiency and effectiveness for result oriented performance.
Experience has shown that hitherto financial audit carried out in Kaduna Polytechnic, emphasis less on economy efficiency and concern has often been to accuracy and conformity with regulations. This is another approach will ensure the measure of economy, efficiency and effectiveness audit (the three Es audit is advocated here.)
The problem of this research now therefore, remains to establish if the new audit approach being advocated will enhance better internal control and accountability than the hitherto financial audit. The main problem is therefore stated thus:
Is economy, efficiency and effectiveness audit a better effective management tool for internal control accountability financial audit?
The problem is further broken down into small specific problem as follows:
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: That public sector accounting does not leads to accountability in Public sector.
Hi: That public sector accounting does leads to accountability in Public sector.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this research work cannot be over emphasized the reason is that it is a pre-requisite for the researcher to acquired the award of National Diploma in Accountancy. The study is significance to public enterprises management as it will enable them to know the importance of public accounting towards ensuring accountability in public organization.The significance of the study does not only limited to public sector, the private organization can make use of this research work and apply the recommendations made by the researcher to ensures proper accountability. Lastly, the work will serve as a source or reference for future researcher that may be willing to undertaken research on the subject matter.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is to critically analyze the impact of public sector of accounting on accountability in public sector. The research is carryout to covered Kaduna polytechnic as the case study. Also to highlight the role of internal audit, the role of internal control and the effect of accurate record keeping as techniques of accountability in the public sector.
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
It is worthwhile to state briefly and objectives of Kaduna Polytechnic. Kaduna Polytechnic was established in 1956 as Kaduna Technical Institute. The first significance report on the proposed establishment of a polytechnic to be built in the then northern Nigeria was prepared by Dr. H. W French and Mr. G. H Wiggles north of the British Ministry of Education (which later known as the department of education and science) in June 1962. The terms of reference for the survey were to formulate and present advice to the Nigeria Authorises on the planning of a polytechnic college in Kaduna in the northern region of Nigeria. These terms were later amplified to include advice on the selection of the site, schedule of accommodation and the grouping of rooms with regard to education, architectural and cost consideration. The site work for the building of the institutions started in March 1966. As a result of the break of the north into six (6) states and the subsequent insistence on roughly equal students representation in the proposed college caused a much lower progress of the building that predicted.
In April 1968, the federal military government in its decree No. 20 of 1968 formally established the Kaduna polytechnic. The official opening ceremony was held 21st November 1968. The opening was done by British high Commissioner from Lagos, Sir. David Hunt, KCMO’s OBE at a large gathering of limited guest including two northern state governors. The buildings and equipment were all gifts from the government of United Kingdom. The first principal of the institute as Mr. F. J. Hawley and Colonel W. Martin was its first secretary.
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